Identifying empirically supported treatments in individuals with intellectual disabilities. Response interruption and differential reinforcement in the treatment of pica. Applied Research in Mental Retardation, 7, 105–116. Self-injurious behavior: A statewide prevalence survey of the extent and circumstances. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 32, 297–315. Multicomponent assessment and treatment of cigarette pica. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 13, 153–162. Treatment of scavenging behavior (coprophagy and pica) by overcorrection. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 26, 23–36.įoxx, R. A preliminary evaluation of empirically derived consequences for the treatment of pica. Using food aversion to decrease severe pica by a child with autism. Analysis and Intervention in Intellectual Disabilities, 2, 83–104.įerreri, S. Treatment of self-injury by providing alternative sensory activities. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1, 350–359.įavell, J. Unintended stimulus control during the treatment of pica displayed by a young man with autism. Behavior Modification, 14, 81–96.įalcomata, T. The effects of differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors (DRI) on pica for cigarettes in persons with intellectual disability. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 87, 141–146.ĭonnelly, D. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 26, 3–18.ĭanford, D. Journal of Intellectual and Physical Disabilities, 7, 39–50.Ĭhambless, D. The long-term treatment of life-threatening pica: A case study of a woman with profound mental retardation living in an applied setting. Economical procedures for the reduction of aggression in a residential setting. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 91–97.īailey, J. Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. Journal of Intellectual Disability, 26, 205–215.īaer, D. Pica in people with intellectual disability: A literature review of aetiology, epidemiology and complications. Assessment and behavioral interventionsĪli, Z.We also discuss selected literature with insufficient evidence for clinical efficacy and the need for more research. Some of these behavioral treatments for pica are well established, and some have limited evidence and are based on criteria developed by Chambless and Hollon (1998). We also present data to support behavioral treatments for pica that are evidence based. This chapter addresses assessment and behavioral intervention of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and pica. Pica is potentially dangerous and life-threatening because one response can be lethal or a series of incidents over years can lead to serious medical interventions or death. All rights reserved.Pica is the persistent ingestion if nonedible objects. Our hope is that children with pica will receive early intervention to prevent pica from developing into life-threatening behavior.Ĭopyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. Our hope is that administrators, professionals and practitioners will consider our guidelines and recommendations as they attempt to protect people with pica and developmental disabilities from harm by developing standards for assessment, treatment and prevention for this difficult-to-treat population. These recommendations are based on two extensive reviews of the literature and our extensive experience as practitioners in the treatment of pica. We make recommendations for assessment, treatment, and prevention of pica for practitioners. A second limitation of current research is that some studies reduced pica substantially, but pica responses still occurred at rates that are problematic in terms of prevention of adverse consequences, which leaves practitioners with the task of further decreasing pica to protect people exhibiting pica from harm. While a number of published studies have demonstrated that pica behavior can be decreased substantially with behavioral treatment, few of these studies incorporated strategies for generalization and maintenance outside of brief sessions. Studies also indicate that pica has led to the death of people with developmental disabilities. Pica is a dangerous form of self-injurious behavior that occurs in people with developmental disabilities who are institutionalized.
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